These bioactive phytonutrients have been proven as key ingredients for the treatment of some chronic diseases including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases. 3.976 g/100 g of betalains (2.075 g/100 g of betacyanins and 1.901 g/100 g of betaxanthins) and 0.1899 g/100 g of phenolic are produced in dry extract of beetroot. The contents of vitamins and nitrate are 4.805 mg and 25 mg per 100 g of wet weight respectively. ![]() According to the database displays in the US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, beetroot is not only rich in proteins (1.68 g), carbohydrates (9.96 g), fat (0.18 g), amino acids (1.216 g), fatty acids (0.119 g), phytosterols (0.025 g), minerals (0.483 g), and fibers (2 g) per 100 g of wet weight, but also contains a lot of biologically active phytonutrients (Figure 1). In addition to being known as fresh vegetables, or as food additives in cattle products, beverages, candies, and dairy products (Georgiev et al., 2010 Vieira Teixeira da Silva et al., 2019), beetroot has also been found to possess the potential of treating and preventing multiple diseases. The beetroot is now widely cultivated to meet the increase in demand (Maity et al., 2016). Today, with the development of preclinical trials, consumers have increased knowledge about the biological activity of beetroot. In spite of the fact that the beetroot has long been used as a traditional cuisines in Europe, the understanding of the applied value is very limited. In recent years, the beetroot ( Beta vulgaris L.) has become popular as a potential “functional food” within this context (Frank et al., 2005). Accordingly, fruits and vegetables are important parts of the healthy diet with the capacity of preventing several diseases (Jeffery, 2005 Shashirekha et al., 2015). Nowadays, a large number of consumers have a strong preference for the “functional foods” for the improvement of their eating diet and maintenance of their health (Jeffery, 2005 Shashirekha et al., 2015). The objective of this review is to provide sufficient evidence for the clarification of health benefits of beetroot, especially in the aspect of biooxidation, neoplastic diseases, some chronic diseases, and energy supplementation. Moreover, the intake of nitrate‐rich beetroot could enhance athletic performance and attenuate muscle soreness in certain types of exercise. In some chronic diseases, nitrate is the main component for lowing blood lipids, glucose, and pressure, while its role in treating hypertension and hyperglycemia has not been clearly stated. ![]() It also has been found to exert antitumor activity by inhibiting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, inducing cell apoptosis, and autophagy. Betalains have been proven to eliminate oxidative and nitrative stress by scavenging DPPH, preventing DNA damage, and reducing LDL. ![]() In recent years, the beetroot, especially the betalains (betanin) and nitrates it contains, now has received increasing attention for their effective biological activity. Previously, beetroot is mainly consumed as a food additive.
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